Philosophical Dictionary

In today's article, we discuss Friedrich Nietzsche's ideas on aesthetics in The Birth of Tragedy, making a case for the philosopher's continued relevance.

The final par of the "Philosophy Carol" series. Meeting the Ghost of Philosophy in an eternal cafe brings you to an epiphany.

Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language in one place: the picture theory of the Tractatus, meaning as use, the beetle in the box, and what the Sapir-Whorf debate says about whether language shapes thought.

Camus ends a book about suicide with a man pushing a rock forever and calls him happy. Here is what “one must imagine Sisyphus happy” really means, the Greek myth behind it, what the French original says, how painters from Titian onward showed Sisyphus, the best objections from Taylor and Nagel, and why the meme says “asymptomatic”.

Kant proposed that our perception of the world is shaped by our senses and mental faculties, filtering reality into a comprehensible form. The "Thing-in-Itself," however, represents the elusive reality that lies beyond our perceptual limitations. By grasping this concept, you can challenge the boundaries of your own understanding and explore what lies beneath the surface of appearances.

Nietzsche’s Übermensch is quoted everywhere, from gyms to tech conferences, yet he wrote surprisingly little about it, and complained that readers took it for a half-saint, half-genius or the next stage of evolution. What does the overman in Thus Spoke Zarathustra actually stand for, and who is the last man the crowd prefers?