Philosophical Dictionary

A chilling tale in which you are visited by the Zeitgeist, a timely spirit, who warns you about your own complacency and overthinking. Based off Charles Dickens' classic "A Christmas Carol," this chilling seasonal tale introduces us to the Three Spirits of Philosophy. To be continued.

Kant proposed that our perception of the world is shaped by our senses and mental faculties, filtering reality into a comprehensible form. The "Thing-in-Itself," however, represents the elusive reality that lies beyond our perceptual limitations. By grasping this concept, you can challenge the boundaries of your own understanding and explore what lies beneath the surface of appearances.

The philosophy meme is blunt: open Kant or Hegel with no background and the book bites. Kant knew readers found the Critique dry and obscure, and Hume disowned his first book as juvenile work. So should beginners start with primary texts or secondary literature, and which books should a beginner read first?

“You are conclusion shopping your insane hypothesis.” The meme names confirmation bias, which Francis Bacon described in 1620 and psychologists caught in a 1960 number game. Echo chambers make it worse, and a Nature study found checking false news online can raise belief in it. So what does honest research look like?