Philosophical Dictionary

Say the wrong word and someone will call it a Freudian slip. Where the idea comes from, what the Oedipus complex actually claims, how the id, ego and superego fit together, and why Popper called psychoanalysis unscientific while Freud’s vocabulary conquered the world.

Mindfulness began as a radical philosophical act — one that threatened the very idea of a stable, striving self. Corporate wellness kept the breathing exercises and removed everything that could destabilise anything. Byung-Chul Han's Burnout Society explains the mechanism, and why the capture was never hidden.

Adam Smith is quoted constantly and read almost never. The invisible hand appears three times in a lifetime of writing. He described landlords as those who reap where they never sowed. His first book was about sympathy, not self-interest. The popular Adam Smith was built by think tanks. Here is the real one.

Amor fati means love of fate, and Nietzsche paired it with a dare: would you live your life again, unchanged, forever? The demon of The Gay Science, Sils Maria in 1881, Stoic acceptance, Camus’ Sisyphus, Kundera and Groundhog Day.

Let's discuss Thomas Aquinas's just war theory. How can you tell if warfare is just? Can warfare be just by its nature?

Silicon Valley turned Stoicism into a productivity hack. But the philosophy's founder wanted to abolish private property — and its most famous figures were expelled and killed for being political threats. Here's what billionaires quote, what they skip, and why that gap is not accidental.