Philosophical Dictionary

Discover Maria von Herbert, the forgotten female philosopher who challenged Kant's categorical imperative through personal letters. Her profound critique exposed how rigid moral systems fail to address human suffering and emotional complexity, offering valuable insights on ethics while highlighting women's overlooked contributions to philosophy.

Discover how Michel Foucault's panopticon theory explains our surveillance society. From Bentham's prison design to modern digital monitoring, learn how the fear of being watched shapes behavior and how power structures use surveillance to control populations.

Discover the true meaning behind Marx's "religion is the opium of the people" and Nietzsche's "God is dead" quotes. This exploration reveals how these philosophical statements are misunderstood when taken out of context, and why their actual meanings offer deeper insights than the memes suggest.

Discover how Diogenes of Sinope's radical Cynicism laid the groundwork for Stoic philosophy. This analysis compares ancient texts to reveal how concepts of self-sufficiency, emotional detachment, and cosmopolitanism evolved from provocative Cynic practices into the systematic philosophical framework of Stoicism.

Explore the Münchhausen trilemma, the fascinating philosophical puzzle that shows why all knowledge faces three unsatisfying options: infinite regress, circular reasoning, or unprovable assumptions. Learn why absolute certainty is elusive and how to think more clearly anyway.

In which we discuss Karl Marx's criticisms of capitalism, us, the Labor Theory of Value, and freedom. With bonus thought experiment.