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Philosophical Dictionary

  • The Parthenon's colonnade (with scaffolding) and the Erechtheion's Porch of the Caryatids on the Acropolis in Athens, with the city and coastline visible in the distance, July 2022. Photo: Markus, The Philosopher's Shirt.

    Greek Philosophy Before Socrates?: Meet the Presocratics!

    By C.M. Black

    Did philosophy exist before Socrates? You betcha! In this article we will discuss some of the philosophers who existed before that particular bearded guy, the Presocratics.
  • Painting of six hooded medieval figures huddled around a campfire in a snowy forest, keeping a careful distance from each other while sharing warmth.

    Aristotle on Friendship: Why Modern Life Makes It Nearly Impossible

    By Markus Uehleke

    Why is making close friends as an adult so hard? Aristotle said real friendship requires living together and sharing your days, something almost nobody does anymore. Schopenhauer's porcupine parable might explain the rest. What happens when neither solution is available to you?
  • Ancient Greeks meme: classical statues next to a dishwasher, great at philosophy, not so great at dishes

    Wake Up! You're Being Visited by the First Spirit of Philosophy

    By C.M. Black

    The second part of the "Philosophy Carol" series in which you are visited by the Spirit of Philosophy Past, glimpsing the history of philosophy while receiving bonks on the head from an ancient tome.
  • Ancient Academy Scene: A stylized illustration of Plato's Academy with silhouettes of philosophers gathered around

    Plato’s Theory of Forms Explained: The Realm of Forms, Simple Examples and Why It Still Matters

    By Markus Uehleke

    No circle you have ever drawn is a perfect circle, and yet you know exactly what a perfect circle is. Plato thought that small puzzle proves there is a second, more real world: the realm of Forms. Here is the theory of Forms in plain English, with Plato’s own examples, the Form of the Good, the slave boy who “remembers” geometry, the objections Plato raised against himself, Aristotle’s and Diogenes’ mockery, and why mathematicians and programmers still think like Platonists.